000
FXUS61 KOKX 182103
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
503 PM EDT Tue Apr 18 2023

.SYNOPSIS...
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High pressure will gradually build from the west tonight and then gradually move southeast out into the Western Atlantic by early Wednesday night into Thursday. Meanwhile, a low pressure system will approach from the west with its warm front approaching from the north and west late Wednesday night into early Thursday morning. This warm front will move northeast of the area on Thursday. Another warm front to the south will then slowly approach from Thursday night into Friday night and lift north on Saturday. A strong cold front and wave of low pressure will approach Saturday night into Sunday, and may linger into early next week.
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&& .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING/...
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A large mid level low will move across SE Canada with its associated trough axis moving across the local region tonight. With this cyclonic flow aloft, clouds will linger around and will be slow to decrease. At the surface, a trough will move across this evening with high pressure gradually building in from the west. The clouds will decrease more overnight into early Wednesday morning. Enough of a pressure gradient will remain between low pressure in Eastern Canada and high pressure from the Great Lakes through the Tennessee Valley to keep a westerly breeze ongoing through tonight. With continuing westerly flow, low levels will dry out more late this afternoon into tonight. Dry weather conditions are expected late this afternoon through tonight. Regarding temperatures, radiational cooling will be partially mitigated tonight. Went a little above MET MOS guidance by using a little more weight with NBM for the low temperature forecast tonight with a range of lows mainly from the mid 30s to lower 40s. Lows more in the lower 30s for NW Orange County. Concerning potential for frost for those locations where the growing season has begun, some parts of Eastern Long Island especially near the Pine Barrens will have isolated lows in the mid 30s. Frost will be possible in these isolated locations but winds stay up in the forecast so did not mention any frost in the forecast.
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&& .SHORT TERM /6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING THROUGH THURSDAY/...
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For Wednesday, the mid level low weakens and continues moving east, eventually transitioning into an open wave on Wednesday. The wave will eventually get north of Maine and begin to enter the Canadian Maritimes by early Wednesday evening. At the surface, high pressure moves southeast with its center remaining to the south and west relative to the local region. The high pressure area will eventually make its way offshore out into the Western Atlantic by early Wednesday night. With less clouds and low level veering of winds, warm air advection is expected in the afternoon. With less maritime influence with an increasing westerly component to surface wind, coastal locations will just be slightly cooler than NYC with respect to temperatures. The range of high temperatures forecast is from the upper 50s across the interior to mainly lower 60s across the coastal areas with potential for mid 60s for NYC and parts of Northeast NJ. For Wednesday night, high pressure remains out in the Western Atlantic. The axis of high pressure moves across with mid level ridging aloft. The pressure gradient weakens allowing for winds to decrease at the surface with variable direction. Lows still expected to be on the milder side, ranging from the upper 30s to upper 40s. Warmer air at 850mb will continue to advect into the area. Clouds increase late Wednesday night into early Thursday morning as a warm front approaches from the north and west. The models convey an embedded shortwave riding along the eastern side of the mid level ridge that will traverse from northwest to southeast late Wednesday night into Thursday morning. Mid level ridging increases Thursday afternoon with ridge axis moving in. Clouds will increase and there could even be a rain shower, mainly north and west of NYC late overnight Wednesday night into early morning hours of Thursday. However only have slight chance POPs as low levels will still be relatively dry and upper level disturbance will not have much moisture to work with. A much warmer day is in store Thursday away from the coast (well into the 70s) with more SW flow developing and warmer air continuing to advect in at 850mb. It will be cooler at the coast (mainly lower 60s) as the surface flow will be more southerly flow along the coast, thereby allowing for more maritime influence. The abundance of clouds in the morning will decrease in the afternoon with that ridging aloft. The warm front will be moving farther northeast of the region.
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&& .LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/...
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With one warm front off to the north and another to slowly approach, things will start off warm, with temps Thu night bottoming out mostly from the mid 40s to mid 50s, then with onshore SE flow rising to the lower 80s inland well away from the ocean, into the 70s most elsewhere, and only into the 60s near south facing showers out east. A milder night Fri night expected, with lows near 60 in midtown NYC and in the 50s elsewhere as the onshore flow continues and even backs east for a time. The front should get a push north first thing Sat morning, but with more in the way of clouds ahead of an approaching frontal system as well as continued onshore flow temps likely to end up cooler than those of Friday, with more widespread 60s for highs across SE CT and eastern Long Island, and failing to reach 80 from NYC north/west. A rainy/windy and cooler period likely from Sat night into Sunday as a closed low to the west becomes negatively tilted and potent leading shortwave energy approaches. A long SE-S fetch and lack of a strong sfc-based inversion likely to result in winds approaching or exceeding advisory criteria late Sat night into Sunday, especially along the coast. A narrow corridor of strong Atlantic moisture transport ahead of the front via a strong LLJ, as well as enhanced lift ahead of a wave of low pressure along the approaching front, also likely to result in pds of moderate to heavy rain and some rumbles of thunder from late Sat night into Sunday night. The aforementioned closed low to the west will become the westernleg of a large omega block over eastern North American and the western Atlantic, so expectations are that the forecast trends going into early next week will slow down. So PoP forecast remains somewhat higher than NBM during this time, with chance PoP for ern CT/Long Island into Monday and at least slight chance PoP otherwise going into Tuesday.
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&& .AVIATION /20Z TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
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High pressure builds into the region through Wednesday. VFR through the TAF period. Gusty W-WSW winds continue through this evening. Gusts are forecast to diminish this evening/tonight, with KJFK ending the latest (after 06Z Wednesday) there is a chance that gusts never really stop, becoming more occasional after 06Z. Gusts pick up once again by daybreak Wednesday morning with gusts between 20-25kt, then diminish after 21z. ...NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... Timing of gusts diminishing this evening/tonight may be off by a couple of hours. OUTLOOK FOR 20Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY... Wed: VFR. Westerly flow, gusts 20-25 kt in afternoon. Thursday: VFR with southerly flow. Friday: VFR. Light S/SE flow. Saturday through Sunday: MVFR or lower possible with chance of showers. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90.
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&& .MARINE...
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Pressure gradient will be relatively more steep farther west going into tonight. BUFKIT model soundings indicate more vertical mixing and higher gusts for the more western waters in the forecast region. Therefore, have adjusted SCAs for the ocean, now in effect until 06Z Wednesday and for NY Harbor, Western Long Island Sound as well as the South Shore Bays, SCA now is in effect until 04Z Wednesday. The non-ocean waters to the east have their SCA remain in effect until 00Z Wednesday. Ocean seas are forecast to build to near 5 ft going into this evening before subsiding back below SCA thresholds overnight. Another round of SCA level winds is probable for most waters on Wednesday, mainly late morning into mid afternoon. Then a period of below SCA conditions forecast for the waters thereafter through Thursday. SCA cond likely to develop on all waters Sat night ahead of an approaching strong cold front and wave of low pressure. SE-S gales may be possible especially on the ocean and the adjacent lower harbor/bay waters from late Sat night into Sunday.
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&& .FIRE WEATHER...
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Minimum RH values expected near 25 to 35% during the day Wednesday. Wind gusts will be a little less than the previous day but will still be near 20 to 25 mph. So will continue to monitor for enhanced potential of fire spread on Wednesday.
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&& .HYDROLOGY...
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No hydrologic impacts are expected through the weekend. A frontal system could bring a 1-2 inch rainfall from Sat night into Sunday night, with nuisance impacts the most likely outcome since occurring on the weekend.
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&& .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CT...None. NY...None. NJ...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 8 PM EDT this evening for ANZ331- 332-340. Small Craft Advisory until midnight EDT tonight for ANZ335-338- 345. Small Craft Advisory until 2 AM EDT Wednesday for ANZ350-353- 355. && $$ SYNOPSIS...BG/JM NEAR TERM...JM SHORT TERM...JM LONG TERM...BG AVIATION...20 MARINE...BG/JM FIRE WEATHER...JM HYDROLOGY...BG/JM