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FXUS61 KOKX 271940
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
340 PM EDT Thu Apr 27 2023

.SYNOPSIS...
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High pressure slowly pushes offshore tonight and into Friday as a low pressure system approaches from the southwest into Friday night. The low pressure moves through on Saturday followed quickly by a stronger low pressure impacting the area Sunday into early Monday. The low then meanders over the northeast into the middle of next week.
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&& .NEAR TERM /THROUGH FRIDAY/...
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Any isolated light showers will dissipate along with a general thinning of the cloud cover as we progress into this evening with the upper level shortwave moving east and the surface high pressure filling back in briefly tonight. This will result in a dry and partly clear night. Lows are expected to be in the 40s. Some interior spots may drop into the upper 30s, especially if any clearing occurs. Upper level ridging amplifies over the area on Friday with surface high pressure retreating to the east and a strengthening complex low pressure system developing to the west and southwest. Much of the day should remain dry as high pressure to the northeast should prevent moisture from infiltrating the area until the late afternoon. An increasing pressure gradient with the approach of the developing low to the southwest will result in increasing SE flow into the afternoon and evening. By late afternoon, rain will gradually move into the area from southwest to northeast, especially after sunset. Highs on Friday will be in the upper 50s to near 60.
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&& .SHORT TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/...
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SE flow continues to increase into Friday night with rain overspreading the entire area as low pressure remains positioned just south of the area. Widespread rainfall continues to intensify overnight, becoming moderate at times, especially into the early morning Saturday. Low pressure positioned to the south of the area will slow its northeastward progression but allow for widespread rainfall during much of the day on Saturday. There are some indications that some elevated instability develops for eastern portions of the area which may result in isolated embedded thunder, though the chance remains low. Strong SE flow may result in gusts along the coast upwards of 35 to 40 mph. Overall, the rainfall totals from this first event should be a widespread 1 to 1.5 inches of rain, with greater totals expected along the coast. A bulk of the rainfall should gradually push northeastward into Saturday evening and overnight with a lull in the rain expected overnight at some point. While widespread rainfall should diminish, there may be scattered showers overnight Saturday into early Sunday ahead of a secondary low pressure system moving into the area.
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&& .LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
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An unsettled weather pattern will persist for the second half of the upcoming weekend into next week. A warm front will lie nearby to Long Island to start the day on Sunday. Initial shortwave will continue to move northeast of the area. Attention quickly turns to a highly amplified synoptic pattern with a southern stream shortwave over the Gulf States and a large upper low over the Great Lakes. The larger upper low is going to force the southern stream wave northeast and Sunday. The southern stream then quickly phases into the upper low which becomes dominant over much of the eastern US Sunday night into Monday. Surface low pressure will rapidly deepen as it moves out of the southeast towards the northeast on Sunday. The latest 12z model suite has the low tracking from the Carolinas to somewhere over the northeast by Sunday night. The low will then become vertically stacked with the larger upper low later Monday into Monday night. There will likely be a brief lull in widespread showers Sunday morning with coverage increasing rapidly during the afternoon and evening. It still appears that the core of the low level jet will pass just off to our south and east. However, if the surface low tracks a bit further west, then there is a chance for the low level jet to end up overhead or nearby bringing deeper moisture. If the low tracks more over Long Island (still within the ensemble spread), then the low level jet and deepest moisture would end well offshore. Despite the uncertainty with the low level jet, a period of moderate to locally heavy rain is possible across much of the area late Sunday into Sunday night. Strong large scale lift from falling heights aloft along with PWATs 1.25-1.50 inches support this potential. There is some elevated instability and have included slight chance of thunder Sunday evening and night. Strong onshore flow should limit surface instability. This looks like a long duration rainfall event with some locally heavy rainfall at times. The latest NBM 24 hour probability of seeing greater than 1" of rain from 12z Sunday to 12z Monday is about 50 to 70 percent. The latest NBM 24 hour probability of seeing greater than 2" of rain during the same time period has increased in recent runs to around 15 to 25 percent. However, the NBM probability of seeing greater than 1 inch in any 6 hour period from 12z Sunday through 12z Monday is low and less than 10 percent. This supports the idea of a longer duration rainfall, but with minor impacts from nuisance/urban flooding. Cannot completely rule out isolated flash flooding in any heavier convection Sunday night. Showers should taper off late Sunday night as a dry slot works its way over the region. The low will lift north Monday before meandering over the northeast into Wednesday and could even be nearby on Thursday. Gusty SE winds are expected Sunday night, especially across the eastern portion of the area. The magnitude of the winds will be tied to the exact track of the low, with a further west track bringing potential for stronger winds further inland. Gusty SW-W winds are then expected on Monday as the low lifts to the north. Gusts 25-35 mph are possible Sunday night and then 20-30 mph on Monday. There are some differences with the handling and speed of the upper low through the week, but the cyclonic flow aloft supports below normal temperatures and varying degrees of cloud cover each day. Energy within the upper low and some daytime heating could provide some showers, especially inland Tuesday through Thursday.
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&& .AVIATION /19Z THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/...
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A frontal boundary will remain stalled near the region through tonight. Low pressure approaches from the southwest on Friday. Generally looking at VFR or MVFR at the area terminals. These conditions are expected through much of the TAF period, with better chances of VFR conditions tonight and Friday. Rain chances increase late in the 30-hour TAFs. Will include a PROB30 after 21z to account for this. Winds under 10 kt through the TAF period. Winds should be light and variable across the interior, with more of a S or SE flow at the coastal terminals. ...NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... VFR potentially prevails the day at some terminals. Timing of MVFR onset and ending may be off by a few hours. OUTLOOK FOR 18Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY... Friday afternoon-Friday Night: Mainly VFR during the day, then MVFR or lower with increasing chances of rain at night. Rain becomes likely late at night for NYC terminals and terminals to the north and west. ESE- E wind gusts 15-20 kt. Saturday: Rain with MVFR or lower. E wind gusts near 20-25 kt. Sunday and Sunday night: MVFR or lower. Rain, mostly in the afternoon and night. SE wind gusts 20-25 kt at night. Monday: MVFR possible with a chance of rain showers. Wind direction switches from more SE to eventually more WSW. Wind gusts 20-25 kt. Tuesday: MVFR possible in showers. SW winds 10-15kt. Gusts up to 20kt possible. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90
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&& .MARINE...
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Sub-SCA conditions are expected through much of the day on Friday with light winds. The pressure gradient increases ahead of an approaching low pressure system Friday night which will result in SCA SE gusts to 25 kt on the ocean and NY Harbor as early as 22Z Friday. SCA SE gusts of 25-30 kt overspread the rest of the waters by 6Z and linger through the day on Saturday. A Gale Watch is in effect for the ocean waters beginning 10Z Saturday as SE winds may approach 35 kt through much of the day as the low is positioned just south of the area. Waves heights on the ocean increase to 8-10 feet on Saturday as well. Winds decrease quickly on Saturday night with sub-SCA conditions expected for all sheltered waters. SCA conditions continue on the ocean with wave heights remaining well above 5 ft. Seas on the ocean remain elevated on Sunday with a SE swell, so SCA conds will continue through the rest of the weekend. Winds ramp up Sunday night with a low pressure center approaching from the Mid- Atlantic with SCA probably on all waters, with winds probably still gusting to 25 kt on Monday on the backside of the storm. Winds should fall below SCA levels Monday night, but ocean seas will likely remain elevated above 5 ft into Tuesday.
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&& .HYDROLOGY...
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A storm system brings a widespread inch to inch and a half of rainfall late Friday through Saturday. With moderate to locally heavy rain at times, nuisance flooding will be possible, particularly in vulnerable urban locales. An additional inch to inch and a half of rainfall is possible during mainly late Sunday into Sunday night. Again, mainly minor nuisance/urban flooding would be the extent of hydrologic impacts.
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&& .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...
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A strong SE flow due to a deepening low pressure on Sunday may bring high tide levels Sunday evening to minor flood benchmarks. The main concern at this time appears to be for the south shore Back Bays and SW CT coast along the Western Long Island Sound. Tides are relatively low astronomically, so approximately 2 to 3 ft surge is needed to bring water levels to minor flooding at these locations Sunday evening.
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&& .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
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CT...None. NY...None. NJ...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM to 6 PM EDT Saturday for ANZ331- 332-335-340-345. Small Craft Advisory from 6 PM Friday to 6 PM EDT Saturday for ANZ338. Small Craft Advisory from 6 PM Friday to 6 AM EDT Saturday for ANZ350-353-355. Gale Watch from Saturday morning through Saturday afternoon for ANZ350-353-355.
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&& $$ SYNOPSIS...DS/MW NEAR TERM...MW SHORT TERM...MW LONG TERM...DS AVIATION...BC MARINE...DS/MW HYDROLOGY...DS/MW TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...