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FXUS61 KOKX 130225
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
1025 PM EDT Tue Sep 12 2023

.SYNOPSIS...
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A cold front and wave of low pressure moving along it will approach overnight. Both will move across on Wednesday and then pass east Wednesday night. High pressure will then build in on Thursday, remain centered to the west through Friday, then start to weaken over the weekend. At the same time, Hurricane Lee is forecast to pass offshore to our east. Monitor https:/www.weather.gov/okx/tropical or https:/www.nhc.noaa.gov for the latest NHC forecasts on Hurricane Lee.
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&& .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING/...
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No significant changes; updated for current conditions. In the upper levels, a southwesterly jet approaches from the Great Lakes. In the mid levels, the ridge moves farther east and height falls will portend the approach of a trough. The positive vorticity advection will increase late tonight. At the surface, a weak wave of low pressure approaches along a cold front. The main parent low will be in Quebec. Clouds increase in coverage going into the overnight period with increasing chances of rain showers. Thunderstorm chances develop as well going into early Wednesday morning with the increase in low level instability. Forecast lows are on the warmer side with a combination of NBM and consensus of all model guidance used, ranging from the lower 60s to near 70.
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&& .SHORT TERM /6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/... Showers can be expected with heavy rain at times across the entire area Wednesday, lingering into Wednesday night for Southeast CT and Eastern Long Island as a cold front with associated wave of low pressure move across. See hydro section for details regarding the potential for flooding and the flood watch in effect for the region. There is a marginal threat for severe weather as well discussed more below. The mode of convection will likely be a solid to broken squall line moving into western sections of the region early Wednesday morning and across the remainder of the region for the remainder of Wednesday morning into afternoon. This is from analysis of CAMs. Wednesday morning through Wednesday afternoon is when much of the rainfall is expected. In the upper levels, the southwesterly jet intensifies farther south with the right rear quad of this jet close to the forecast region. For the mid levels, the positive vorticity advection will continue to increase from west to east. Mid level height falls will continue as the trough continues to approach from the west. The weak wave of surface low pressure along the cold front will gradually move east within the region Wednesday. On Wednesday night, the upper level jet streak narrows and intensifies north of the region. The mid level height falls continue as eventually the trough axis moves in by early Thursday. At the surface, the front and low pressure wave will both exit east of Long Island. Layer precipitable waters increase to nearly 2 inches Wednesday and with parallel flow evident from low to upper levels in the forecast models, training of showers and thunderstorms can be expected which will mean multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms. CAPE profiles from BUFKIT soundings are tall and narrow but there will be more shear than what was present back on Monday, allowing for thunderstorms to have more movement. This will somewhat limit the extent of flooding but with intense enough thunderstorms, flash flooding cannot be ruled out. The higher shear will allow for potential for some strong to severe thunderstorms as well. CAPE will be limited but more directional wind shear in the low levels will increase helicity. There will be the possibility for some thunderstorms to have damaging winds as well as exhibit rotation so a brief tornado will be possible as well. Showers are most widespread across western sections of the region including NE NJ, NYC, Lower Hudson Valley, Western Long Island and SW CT Wednesday morning into early Wednesday afternoon. Showers are most widespread across eastern sections of the region with the rest of Southern CT and Eastern Long Island Wednesday morning through early Wednesday evening. There is potential for showers and thunderstorms to linger for a longer period of time for these eastern sections Wednesday night. Forecast highs Wednesday are on the cooler side and were chosen from the consensus of all model guidance, only ranging from the low to mid 70s. Expecting temperatures to be a little cooler with the more northerly flow Wednesday night with a blend of MAV, MET and NBM used for lows, ranging from the low 50s to low 60s. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... On Thu showers should be coming to an end out east early AM, otherwise looking at a mostly sunny day with NW flow ushering a drier air mass, with dewpoints lowering to the 40s/lower 50s. For Fri, high clouds in advance of Lee will be on the increase, otherwise temps/dewpoints look similar to those for Thu. Northerly winds between inland high pressure and Lee will also be on the increase to 15G25mph as the pressure gradient increases between inland high pressure and the outer circulation of Lee. Strongest winds associated with Lee should arrive Fri night and continue into Sat, with winds backing NW on Sat as the hurricane passes well east. The hurricane`s wind field will be expanding in size as it moves northward, and winds especially across coastal SE CT and ern Long Island could become strong, sustained 25-30 mph with gusts up to 40 mph possible. Can`t rule out tropical storm force winds in those areas right near the shoreline in areas with a good NW-N exposure. NBM PoP still clips ern CT/Long Island on the periphery of Lee, with only light rainfall amts expected at most. WAA starts early next week, with slight chance for showers and possibly a tstm Mon/Tue. && .AVIATION /03Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
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A cold front approaches overnight and moves across the terminals Wednesday afternoon into Wednesday night. VFR with showers developing late. There is a chance of thunderstorms, late tonight into Wednesday morning, with briefly heavy rain and gusty winds; conditions may lower to MVFR. Timing of the onset of showers and thunderstorms remains consistent from earlier thinking, however, possible that start time is an hour later. Showers and thunderstorms will be affecting the morning push. Lower confidence for thunder after 14Z/15Z, and storms may be more isolated, however, will continue with the PROB30s. Showers end mid to late afternoon west, and not til after 00Z Thursday east. Light southerly flow continues through the overnight, with light and variable winds outside of the NYC metro terminals. Winds gradually become SW ahead of the front, and then W to NW behind the front. Winds remain rather light with the passage of the front, and gusts are not expected. ...NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... Amendments will be needed for timing of showers/thunderstorms, and for lowering conditions. High confidence that showers and thunderstorms occur, and moderate confidence with timing. OUTLOOK FOR 00Z THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY... Wednesday night: VFR at the NYC terminals and west, showers, with MVFR possible east, ending by late evening, 02Z, becoming VFR. Thursday - Friday: VFR. Northerly wind gusts around 15 to 20 kt Thursday night through Friday night. Saturday: Mainly VFR. NW wind gusts around 20 to 25 kt. Sunday: VFR. West winds with gusts 15-20kt. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90
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&& .MARINE...
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Ocean seas are building, with long period swells being observed, but lagging behind previous forecast slightly, with 5-footers now expected to hold off until daybreak Wed. Adjusted SCA start time accordingly. SCA runs until 6 AM Thursday for all ocean zones. Non-ocean waters remain below SCA threshold through Wednesday night. Ocean seas should continue to build on Thu, reaching 5-8 ft by late day Thu, 8-12 ft by daybreak Fri, and peaking at 9-14 ft Fri afternoon/evening. Seas will then actually start to slowly decrease Fri night into Sat as strong offshore flow counteracts incoming swell, down to 8-12 ft by daybreak Sat, 6-8 ft Sat evening, then below 5 ft by Sunday afternoon. Attm think sustained N-NW winds or frequent gusts from Lee could peak at tropical storm force (35-40 kt) Fri night into Sat, mainly on the ern ocean waters/sound. Elsewhere, SCA cond likely from Fri into Sat, with a few gusts up to 35 kt possible Fri night/Sat AM.
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&& .HYDROLOGY... Around 1 inch of rain is forecast for most locations from late tonight through Wednesday evening with locally higher amounts expected. The upper limit for these locally higher rainfall amounts would be 2 to 3 inches locally. There is a chance for flash flooding with any areas receiving multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms with heavy rain especially in low lying, poor drainage and urban areas. A flood watch is in effect for NE NJ, NYC, Lower Hudson Valley, Nassau NY, and Fairfield CT from 4AM until 6PM Wednesday and a flood watch is in effect for New Haven CT, Middlesex CT, and New London CT as well as Suffolk NY from 8AM Wednesday until 2AM Thursday. && .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING... A high surf advisory has been issued for the Nassau/Suffolk beaches for Wed, and for all the ocean beaches for Thu, as surf heights increase to 6-8 ft on Wed and 7-10 ft on Thu. Hazardous surf should continue into Sat, and may peak between 10-14 ft on Fri, similar to the fcst wave heights at the offshore buoys. In combination with higher water levels due to the new moon which occurs on Thu, beach erosion may also become a problem on Friday. A high rip current risk statement has been issued for Wed thru Fri, and will likely have to be extended into at least Sat based on the current fcst track and intensity of Hurricane Lee. && .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
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CT...Flood Watch from 4 AM EDT Wednesday through Wednesday afternoon for CTZ005-009. Flood Watch from 8 AM EDT Wednesday through late Wednesday night for CTZ006>008-010>012. NY...Flood Watch from 4 AM EDT Wednesday through Wednesday afternoon for NYZ067>075-176>179. Flood Watch from 8 AM EDT Wednesday through late Wednesday night for NYZ078>081. High Risk for Rip Currents from 6 AM EDT Wednesday through Friday evening for NYZ075-080-081-178-179. High Surf Advisory from 9 PM Wednesday to 10 PM EDT Thursday for NYZ075-178. High Surf Advisory from 6 AM Wednesday to 10 PM EDT Thursday for NYZ080-081-179. NJ...Flood Watch from 4 AM EDT Wednesday through Wednesday afternoon for NJZ002-004-006-103>108. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from 6 AM Wednesday to 6 AM EDT Thursday for ANZ350-353-355.
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