000
FXUS61 KOKX 082041
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
341 PM EST Fri Dec 8 2023

.SYNOPSIS...
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High pressure will slowly move offshore tonight through Saturday. At the same time, a warm front will stalled in the area and head northeast on Saturday.
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&& .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM SATURDAY MORNING/...
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Upper level ride will move over the Northeast tonight as the center of surface high pressure slides off the East Coast. The main forecast challenges tonight will be if there will be any fog and/or stratus developing late tonight. NAM forecast soundings show a low level inversion late tonight well inland with abundant low level moisture trapped underneath. Other models show a hint of this inversion, but not nearly as deep. Meanwhile, ensembles show high probabilities of fog and stratus, mainly well the aforementioned well inland areas. Therefore, opted to continue mention of patchy fog and increasing clouds late. This will mean that temperatures in these areas will likely drop fairly quickly once sun sets tonight, but then remain steady and then slowly increase through the rest of the night, mainly sometime after 3 am. There is also the possibility of freezing fog in the areas well north of the area, but with even more uncertainty, did not mention in the actual forecast. If this does occur, then an SPS may need to be issued later tonight.
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&& .SHORT TERM /6 AM SATURDAY MORNING THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/...
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Any fog burns off early in the morning Saturday as the lower layers warm. Weak warm advection and rising heights will mean warmer conditions, with highs rising into the 50s region-wide. More in the way of clouds are expected as a weak surface trough moves toward the area, but if clouds break out a bit, even warmer temperatures are possible. Saturday night will see a slight chance to low end chance for light rain with the warm front still in the forecast area. The only areas the might not see any precipitation will be eastern areas. With continued abundant low level moisture, patchy fog will once again be possible, though a bit more widespread than the previous night. Lows will also be warmer given continued weak warm air advection, ranging from the 30s well inland to the middle 40s across the metro area.
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&& .LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
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This section will be updated shortly. Previous discussion follows: A 500mb trough digs in to our west on Sunday, then lifts during the day Monday with its axis shifting through the forecast area Monday evening. At the surface, a strong cold front approaches us on Sunday and passes through during Sunday night. While it`s passing through, an area of low pressure develops along the front in Tennessee or the Middle Appalachians and passes to our north as is further develops and strengthens. Rain chances ramp up through the day with the entire forecast area likely seeing rain by the end of the afternoon. The rain could be heavy at times mainly during Sunday night as a strong low level jet develops over us and combines with deep synoptic lift aloft and an anomalously moist air mass. Some models continue to show some elevated instability, so with deep lift, will keep in an isolated thunderstorm in the forecast. Rain chances continue into Monday even behind the front as the flow aloft remains cyclonic and we`ll be within the right entrance region of an upper jet streak. Should precipitation actually occur Monday morning over the higher elevations well NW of the city, some snowflakes may mix in with showers. 1.5-2.5" of rainfall is expected Sunday afternoon through Monday morning. The heaviest rainfall is most likely to occur during Sunday night. Minor urban/small stream flooding will be possible, mainly Sunday night - confidence in this is moderate. Cannot completely rule out flash flooding either, but this is a lower confidence forecast as chances are low given flash flood guidance and the progressive nature of the storm system. Regarding winds for this event, 925mb winds continue to be progged to reach 60-80kt over roughly the eastern half of the forecast area Sunday night. Even if a relatively stronger low level inversion were to be in place during the time that the LLJ moves through, about half of that speed could potentially reach the surface. The hourly NBM probabilities for wind gusts greater than 54 mph are at about a 50-80% chance of occurring for the immediate coastlines on Long Island and southeast Connecticut. These chances are less than 20% for Manhattan, NE NJ, the lower Hudson Valley and SW CT. Parts of Queens and Brooklyn are around 20-30% chance of this occurring. Peak wind gusts may reach wind advisory criteria for some areas along the coast east of Manhattan given the setup and potential help from heavy downpours. The current forecast has gusts 40-45mph for coastal areas and 30-40mph for most inland areas during Sunday night. I used the NBM 10th percentile for winds in this forecast. The NBM deterministic seemed too high, but given the last few runs of most available guidance, they all show gusts at or above this current forecast (with the exception of the GDPS and RDPS). When this event falls into the timeframe of some CAMs this will really help in determining how much of the LLJ will mix down to the surface. High pressure then builds in through the rest of Monday and remains in control through Thursday with an extended period of dry weather and highs generally in the 40s.
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&& .AVIATION /21Z FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
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High pressure will slowly move offshore through Saturday. Mainly VFR conditions are forecast through the TAF period. The only exception is the potential for MVFR to IFR fog late tonight into early Saturday morning, mainly for KSWF and KHPN. Light flow is forecast through the TAF period with wind speeds below 10 kt. S-SE winds into early this evening become light and/or variable tonight. Wind gradually become SE again late Saturday morning into the afternoon. ...NY Metro(KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... MVFR visibilities possible early Saturday morning. OUTLOOK FOR 18Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY... Saturday Afternoon-Night: VFR. Sunday: MVFR or lower in developing showers from west to east through the day. S winds 15-20 kt with gusts 25-30 kt in the afternoon. Sunday Night: IFR in showers. Isolated thunderstorms possible. S winds 15-25 kt with gusts 25-40 kt, strongest near the coast. A few gusts up to 55 kt possible near the coast. Monday: MVFR or lower early in showers, then VFR. S-SW wind gusts 30- 40 kt eastern Long Island and Southeast Connecticut early. Otherwise, W-WNW 15-20 kt with gusts 25-35 kt. Tuesday: VFR. SW gusts 15-20 kt in the afternoon. Wednesday: VFR. W gusts 15-20 kt in the afternoon. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90
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&& .MARINE...
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Conditions are expected to remain below SCA criteria from tonight through Saturday night as a weak pressure gradient remains in place. The long term section will be updated shortly. Previous discussion follows: Winds and seas should ramp up quickly during Sunday with small craft conditions quickly going to gales in all likelihood by late in the day/early evening. Solid gales are expected across all waters Sunday night, with gales likely lingering into Monday morning for most of the waters. Gales may continue well in the afternoon on the ocean. Storm Watch conditions are possible on the eastern ocean waters based on the new forecast, but confidence in this remains low at this time. Ocean seas are likely build to 10-15 feet during this time with waves over 5 ft possible across portions of eastern Long Island Sound. SCA conds on the ocean for Tuesday as seas remain elevated.
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&& .HYDROLOGY...
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There are no hydrologic concerns through Saturday night. The long term section will be updated shortly. Previous discussion follows: 1.50 to 2.50 inches of rain are expected from Sunday afternoon through Monday morning. The heaviest rainfall is most likely to occur during Sunday night. Minor urban/small stream flooding will be possible, mainly Sunday night - confidence in this is moderate. Cannot completely rule out flash flooding either, but this is a lower confidence forecast as chances are low given flash flood guidance and the progressive nature of the storm system.
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&& .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING... A strong cold front will bring increasing southerly flow late Sunday into Sunday night. The system brings potential for minor coastal flooding with the Monday morning high tide cycle. However, the strongest southerly flow is most likely to occur between high tide cycles. Winds will quickly shift to the west early Monday morning, which will help keep water levels down during times of high tide. There remains a large amount of spread in the surge guidance. The highest chance for minor coastal flooding at this time appears to be for the south shore back bays and over the western Long Island Sound along the Westchester and Fairfield coasts. If the higher end of the surge guidance and stronger onshore winds linger closer to high tide, then minor coastal flooding would be more widespread, and a localized moderate coastal flooding threat would exist. && .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
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CT...Flood Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for CTZ005>012. NY...Flood Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for NYZ067>075-078-080-176>179. High Wind Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for NYZ075-078>081-176>179. NJ...Flood Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for NJZ002-004-006-103>108. MARINE...Gale Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for ANZ331-335-338. Storm Watch from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night for ANZ332-340-345-350-353-355.
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&& $$ SYNOPSIS...JMC/JP NEAR TERM...JP SHORT TERM...JP LONG TERM...JMC AVIATION...DS MARINE...JMC/JP HYDROLOGY...JMC/JP TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...