000
FXUS61 KOKX 161139
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
639 AM EST Sat Dec 16 2023

.SYNOPSIS...
High pressure over the region shifts east tonight. Strong low
pressure then approaches from the south on Sunday with its
center passing northward through or just west of the Tri-State
Area on Monday. In the wake of the exiting low, high pressure builds
in from the west through Wednesday, remaining in place into
late next week.

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.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
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The forecast is mainly on track. Minor adjustments made mainly to hourly temperatures and dewpoints for the next few hours. High pressure builds in at the surface and aloft today. Sunshine mixes with some cirrus this morning with more in the way of clouds this afternoon. High temperatures will be around 50, which is about 5 degrees above normal. Easterly winds for tonight as the high pressure center moves through the southern Canadian Maritimes. This will increase low level moisture and bring cloudy conditions across the region. Models show a push of isentropic lift from the SE towards daybreak, so with fairly shallow moisture in place, maybe some light rain or drizzle will be possible late at night. Turbulent mixing near the top of the mixed layer looks sufficient to preclude fog formation. The cloud cover will keep keep low temperatures above normal.
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&& .SHORT TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
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Low pressure over the Southeast on Sunday shifts north and deepens with help of some phasing energy aloft. The center of the low passes over us or just off to our west on Monday as it continues to strengthen and head north towards SE Canada. Rain chances increase through the morning, with rain likely in the afternoon. The rain could be heavy at times Sunday night into Monday morning as a low level jet interacts with an anomalously moist air mass. Models continue show a little instability during this time as well. CAMs also show a convective line potentially reaching some portions of the forecast area late Sunday night/early Monday morning. So with upward forcing from both the llj and near the deepening low center, a thunderstorm with heavy downpours cannot be ruled out. Flooding impacts will be possible starting late Sunday night and lasting into Monday. Have held off on issuing a Flood Watch at this time as forecast rain amounts have lowered slightly from the previous forecast. Additionally, the highest rain amounts would generally occur along and just west of the storm center track, which potentially ends up just west of the forecast area. Impacts wouldn`t begin until late Sunday night, so will allow the next shift to assess new guidance before making any decisions. See the hydrology section for more details. Rain will still be possible during Monday, with generally lowering chances through the day. It`ll be quite mild with high temperatures mostly 55-60. Some record high temperatures will be approached. There is at least more confidence regarding wind impacts for this event. 925mb winds are progged at 60-85kt along with 55-70kt at 950mb over coastal sections late Sunday night/early Monday morning. It appears that the low level inversion will be at least a little weaker than with this past Sunday-Monday`s storm as temps aloft would be cooler with SE winds instead of S-SW like the previous system. Thinking there`s potential for 60-70% of the 925mb winds to mix down to the surface, especially in the heavier downpours. After collaboration with the surrounding offices, have issued high wind watches and wind advisories as models continue to show a strong llj, heavy downpour potential, and a storm track that would promote wind headlines for these zones. Unlike the previous storm, NBM probabilities of 45+ mph gusts have been increasing as we get closer to the event - increasing the forecast confidence. Even with the llj out of the picture by late Monday morning, the rest of Monday should still be at least breezy as SW to W winds gusts to 30-40mph.
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&& .LONG TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY/... Surface low pressure tracks well north into the St. Lawrence River Valley to start the period, as the parent upper trough axis swings east, allowing colder air to work into the region. Tapering precipitation Monday night into early Tuesday, though lingering flurries or snow showers are possible through Tue afternoon as a blustery NW flow helps to advect in a colder air mass. Otherwise, a much drier regime develops in the system`s wake as a strengthening surface high builds east. Ridging largely remains in place through late week, maintaining the dry, tranquil conditions. Tuesday appears to be the coldest day of the period under CAA, with highs otherwise in the 40s for most, or near normal for the time of year. && .AVIATION /11Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
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VFR through early this evening, MVFR cigs look to develop after 03-06Z Sunday for the coastal terminals under easterly flow, expanding to the interior terminals as the night progresses. WNW flow under 10 kt early this morning at the metro terminals, and light and variable at the outlying terminals. Winds remain at or under 10 kt this afternoon, becoming northerly, then easterly. Lowering cigs after 00Z Sun, and patchy drizzle possible by late Sun AM. NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... The afternoon haze potential forecast is YELLOW, which implies slant range visibility 4-6SM outside of cloud. There is uncertainty in the onset timing of MVFR cigs. IFR cigs possible after 9Z Sun. OUTLOOK FOR 06Z SUNDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY... Late tonight: MVFR cigs developing, with a slight chance of light rain or drizzle toward Sunday morning. Sunday: Rain with MVFR to IFR conds. E winds G20-25kt along the coast. Sunday night and Monday: IFR to LIFR in rain, possibly heavy at times. Isolated thunderstorms possible. SE winds G30-45kt along the coast, becoming S Monday afternoon G25-30kt, and then SW to W diminishing late Monday afternoon and night. LLWS late Sunday night into Monday morning, with 2Kft winds 70-85kt possible. Tuesday: Chance of a few flurries or snow showers mainly north and west of the NYC terminals. MVFR, possibly IFR, especially in any snow showers. Wednesday: VFR. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90
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&& .MARINE...
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Relatively tranquil conditions will continue on all waters today and tonight. Winds and seas then ramp up on Sunday, but more so Sunday night into Monday. After collaboration with the surrounding offices, have issued a Storm Watch for all waters. The strongest winds are likely to occur late at night Sunday into Monday morning, but as per local policy, have issued the watch starting Sunday evening. Marginal SCA conds will be possible on the ocean during Sunday, but decided to hold off on issuing an advisory as conditions will deteriorate in the following period. Additionally, gales are still probable on most waters Monday afternoon. Wave heights on the ocean peaking at 16-21ft Monday. Beyond Monday night model guidance spread increases. This leads to a low confidence win forecast Tuesday through Thursday. At this time, winds are forecast to remain below 25 kt, but SCA conditions continue on the ocean waters with elevated wave heights. Waves by the Race in eastern LI sound could be up to near 10ft. Winds lower Monday night as low pressure pulls away from the region, and gusts may fall below 25 kt for a period into Tuesday morning. These likely return Tuesday afternoon with enhanced NW flow, before subsiding once again everywhere Tuesday night. Thereafter, sub SCA conditions are expected on non ocean waters as high pressure remains in control through late week. Seas will likely remain elevated above SCA criteria on the ocean waters into late next week.
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&& .HYDROLOGY...
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Any rain that occurs Sunday morning will be light. Rain is then expected Sunday afternoon and continues into Monday. The rain is expected to be moderate, with periods of heavy rain Sunday night (mainly late) into Monday morning. A widespread 2 to 3 inches of rain is expected with locally higher amounts possible. There`s a good chance of minor urban and smaller river/stream flooding, but still a low chance of flash flooding. With that said, the areas that would be more prone to flash flooding would be NE NJ into the Lower Hudson Valley. Flooding impacts are more likely to begin late Sunday night into Monday. Residual riverine flooding is possible Tuesday in the wake of exiting low pressure, otherwise, no hydrologic issues expected mid to late next week.
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&& .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING... Coastal flood watches will likely be issued later today for much of southern Queens, southern and eastern portions of LI and coastal CT as potential has increased for more widespread moderate coastal flooding with the daytime high tide cycle on Monday. Elsewhere minor to moderate coastal flood potential is increasing. Along the ocean beachfront, potential exists for 12+ ft breakers Sunday overnight into Monday, which combined with elevated water levels, would result in widespread dune erosion and scattered overwashes along the ocean shores. There is still a good bit of spread in the storm surge guidance for Monday afternoon, due to spread in exact storm track and intensity as it moves up the coast. A track more to the west would place the area more squarely under the strongest winds and increase the threat for widespread moderate to locally major coastal flooding for the most vulnerable portions of the area. A more easterly track would lessen the threat. More clarity on these scenarios likely over the next 24 to 36 hrs. && .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CT...Wind Advisory from midnight Sunday night to noon EST Monday for CTZ005>007. High Wind Watch from late Sunday night through Monday morning for CTZ008>012. NY...Wind Advisory from midnight Sunday night to noon EST Monday for NYZ071>074. High Wind Watch from late Sunday night through Monday morning for NYZ075-078>081-176>179. NJ...Wind Advisory from midnight Sunday night to noon EST Monday for NJZ006. MARINE...Storm Watch from Sunday evening through Monday afternoon for ANZ331-332-335-338-340-345-350-353-355. && $$ SYNOPSIS...JC/DR NEAR TERM...JC SHORT TERM...JC LONG TERM...DR AVIATION...DR MARINE...JC/DR HYDROLOGY...JC/DR TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...