000
FXUS61 KOKX 030655
AFDOKX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
255 AM EDT Wed Apr 3 2024

.SYNOPSIS...
A warm front will continue to slowly approach from the south
tonight. Low pressure strengthening to the southwest early
Wednesday will then pass over or just south of the area
Wednesday evening through Thursday morning. The low will drift
slowly east of New England later this week into Saturday, with
high pressure building in early next week.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
Forecast remains generally on track with some adjustments to
temperatures, dew points, and the PoPs to account for the latest
trends in observations and radar coverage of showers to the
west.

A warm front will continue to slowly approach from the south
tonight as strong surface low pressure and an upper low slowly
spin in place near the western Great Lakes. Latest radar trend
and hi-res guidance indicate light rain lessening in coverage
from west to east this evening before picking up again after
midnight.

E flow will continue and strengthen overnight. Gusts along the
coast should likely reach 30 to 35 mph. Temperatures won`t drop
too much overnight with the strong easterly flow, rain and
cloud cover. Expect lows in the upper 30s/lower 40s.

&&

.SHORT TERM /THURSDAY/...
Upper level low and associated surface low continue to spin in
place over the Great Lakes Wednesday through Wednesday night.
Low pressure then forms along a frontal boundary near the Mid-
Atlantic extending southeast of the low over the Great Lakes.
This low looks to strengthen and pass over or just south of our
area deepening to around 985mb. This low will bring another
round of moderate to locally heavy rain as well as high winds.

Model fcst winds have increased over the past few runs and have
bumped forecast winds up. Both the 12z NAM and GFS show 65 to
75 kt at 925mb. Bufkit soundings show no real inversion in place
with mean boundary layer winds around 50 kt at several coastal
locations. Have issued a High Wind Watch for all of Long Island,
NYC, coastal CT and southern Westchester and Hudson Counties.
In these areas, expecting a period from mainly Wednesday
afternoon through the first half of Wednesday night where wind
gusts could potentially reach 60 mph. Elsewhere (except Orange
County and Western Passaic County) have issued a Wind Advisory
for 45 to 50 mph wind gusts.

As previously mentioned, this low will also bring another round
of moderate to locally heavy rain to the area, as well as the
potential for isolated thunderstorms. See hydrology section
below. Any thunderstorms are expected to remain below severe
criteria as instability is real marginal. MUCAPE values will
likely only be up to a few hundred J/kg. The Storm Prediction
Center has maintained the "general thunderstorm" area in their
outlook.

This low will also bring coastal flooding to the area. See
the tides/coastal flood section below.

As the low pull away, cold air gets wrapped up into the system
and precip may end as a wintry mix across far northern and
western locations. At this time, there is potential for snow and
sleet to mix in. There will likely be little to no accumulation
due to marginal surface temperatures.

&&

.LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/...
A blocky pattern will persist through the period courtesy of a
developing omega block over the CONUS and southern/central
Canada. Its eastern leg (the upper low associated with this
week`s storm) will be moving across Thu night, accompanied by
snow/rain showers especially in the evening. Another fairly good
chance for showers will come on Friday as a mid level vort max
trailing the upper low moves across. This disturbance will have
some low level instability to work with as model fcst sounding
show steep sfc-H7 lapse rates and available moisture above the
LCL, so have bumped up NBM PoP to at least 30 percent
throughout, and while fcst does not include this could not
entirely rule out some isolated thunder and/or graupel/small
hail with some of this activity.

Another vort max pinwheeling around the slow moving upper low E
of New England should bring another chance for showers on Sat
mainly across S CT and ern Long Island. Then fair and milder wx
likely for Sun-Tue with sfc high pressure finally building in
and heights rising aloft. Siding more with slower ECMWF vs
faster GFS solution with a weakening upper ridge axis sliding
across, and some mid level shortwave energy riding atop the
ridge axis in the afternoon. This means there could be a fair
amt of bkn high clouds present during the time of the solar
eclipse in the afternoon.

Temps a few degrees below normal Thu night through Sat should
moderate to near normal on Sunday, then warm up to a few
degrees above normal Mon-Tue, with highs in the lower/mid 60s
both days.

&&

.AVIATION /07Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
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...HIGH IMPACT AVIATION EVENT TODAY INTO TONIGHT... A strengthening coastal storm approaches today and moves across or just south of the region tonight into early Thursday. Expect mainly IFR conditions with rain for much of the TAF period. There could be occasional time windows of MVFR as well as lulls in the rain. There is isolated thunderstorm potential this afternoon into tonight. Increasing easterly winds and wind gusts today through this evening. Winds are generally 10-15 kt into early morning, 20-25 kt for the rest of this morning, 25-30 kt this afternoon into evening. Gusts likewise generally near 20-25 kt into early morning, 30-35 kt for the rest of this morning, 40-45 kt much of this afternoon, 40-50 kt late this afternoon into this evening. Late tonight, winds generally become more NE and decrease to near 20- 25 kt with gusts decreasing to near 30-35 kt. Low level easterly jet moves in late this afternoon into this evening with winds of 50-55 kt at 2kft for the coastal terminals. ...NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... Amendments likely through the TAF period for changing cigs/vis and possible fluctuations in flight categories. Gusts may fluctuate between occasional and frequent before becoming prevailing by 09Z-12Z today. Thunderstorms too low confidence in timing and location to put in TAFs. OUTLOOK FOR 06Z THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY... Late Tonight: IFR or lower in rain. The rain could be mixed with wet snow at KSWF. Winds generally become more NE and decrease to near 15- 20 kt with gusts decreasing to near 25-35 kt. Peak gust to 40 kt possible. Thursday: MVFR or lower with lingering rain, possibly mixed with wet snow at KSWF. NW gusts near 20 kt. Friday: Mainly VFR. Slight chance of showers. NW flow with gusts 15-20kt. Saturday: MVFR possible with northerly gusts near 20-25 kt. Sunday: VFR with northerly gusts near 20 kt. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https:/www.weather.gov/zny/n90
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&& .MARINE... Winds will be increasing tonight and a Gale Warning is in effect for the ocean W of Moriches Inlet, where gusts up to 35 kt are expected after midnight, with ocean seas building to 7-9 ft. A Storm Warning is then in effect starting Wednesday morning on all waters. Strong low pressure will pass over or just south of the waters and bring a period of 50 kt wind gusts, mainly from Wednesday afternoon through he first half of Wednesday night. Waves on the ocean waters likely reach 15 to 17 ft on the ocean waters and 9 to 11 ft across the Sound. Winds drop below Gale criteria by Thursday morning, with lingering SCA criteria mainly in the form of elevated ocean seas persisting into Thu night-Fri night. Some gusts up to 25 kt are also possible in NW flow Fri afternoon and early evening on most waters, and later into Fri night on the ocean. && .HYDROLOGY... An additional 1.5 to 2.5 inches of rainfall is expected tonight through early Thursday. The bulk of this rain will fall Wednesday afternoon and evening. Rainfall rates with the round on Wednesday will be mainly 0.25 to 0.5 inch per hour, with locally 0.75 to 1.0 inches per hour in any thunderstorms. Poor drainage flooding and urban low lying flooding is possible along with minor river flooding across quick responding rivers. The WPC has maintained a marginal risk of excessive rainfall. && .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING... Local minor flooding benchmarks may be reached, or just touched, late tonight/early Wednesday morning along the Long Island south shore back bays. Around 2.5-3 ft of surge is needed for minor coastal flood Wed aft/eve and around 3.5-4 ft for moderate coastal flooding. With easterly winds ramping up through gale to storm force during the time of high tide, as well as building wave action, widespread moderate coastal flood thresholds are likely to be eclipsed along the southern and eastern bays of Long Island and along the western Sound. Elsewhere widespread minor coastal flooding likely. In addition, the combination of heavy rain and elevated water levels on Wednesday afternoon into evening may cause localized flash flooding along some shoreline roads and properties. Easterly winds gradually subside late Wed night as low pressure moves over the area, and then switch to NW gales behind the low Thu AM. High easterly swells will likely inhibit drainage, particularly bay areas, bringing potential for widespread moderate flooding (locally major for the southern and eastern bays of Long Island) late Wednesday night into early Thu morning. The coverage and areas of greatest coastal flood impact will be highly dependent on track of the low, and timing of the wind shift from easterly SCA/Gales to northwest gales. Forecast is based on a 75th percentile of Stevens, blended with ETSS, STOFS guidance, which applies a bit of margin for safety. This will be refined over the next 24 hours. Along the oceanfront, breaking waves of 6-10 ft Wednesday into Thursday morning, along with elevated water levels, will result in widespread beach flooding and erosion. Scattered areas of dune erosion with localized overwashes are likely during the times of high tide Wed afternoon into Thursday morning. Along Long Island Sound, breaking waves of 3-7 ft Wednesday evening, along with elevated water levels, will result in beach erosion with damage to shoreline structures possible. Wave splashover over bulkheads and seawalls will likely exacerbate flooding of shoreline roadways and properties. A similar threat exists for the twin forks, with breaking waves of 4-8 ft Wednesday evening and Thursday morning. && .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
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CT...Wind Advisory from 11 AM this morning to 5 AM EDT Thursday for CTZ005>008. High Wind Watch from 11 AM EDT this morning through late tonight for CTZ009>012. Coastal Flood Warning from 4 PM this afternoon to 10 AM EDT Thursday for CTZ009-010. Coastal Flood Watch from late tonight through Thursday morning for CTZ011-012. NY...Wind Advisory from 11 AM this morning to 5 AM EDT Thursday for NYZ068>070. High Wind Watch from 11 AM EDT this morning through late tonight for NYZ071>075-078>081-176>179. Coastal Flood Warning from 4 PM this afternoon to 10 AM EDT Thursday for NYZ071-073-078-176-177. Coastal Flood Advisory from 2 PM this afternoon to 7 AM EDT Thursday for NYZ072-074-075. Coastal Flood Warning from 2 PM this afternoon to noon EDT Thursday for NYZ079>081-179. Coastal Flood Advisory from 2 PM this afternoon to 7 PM EDT this evening for NYZ178. Coastal Flood Warning from 3 AM to 7 AM EDT Thursday for NYZ178. NJ...Wind Advisory from 11 AM this morning to 5 AM EDT Thursday for NJZ004-103>108. High Wind Watch from 11 AM EDT this morning through late tonight for NJZ006. Coastal Flood Advisory from 2 PM this afternoon to 7 AM EDT Thursday for NJZ006-104-106-108. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 6 AM EDT early this morning for ANZ331-332-335-338-340-345-350. Storm Warning from 6 AM this morning to 2 AM EDT Thursday for ANZ331-332-335-338-340-345-350-353-355. Gale Warning until 6 AM EDT early this morning for ANZ353-355.
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&& $$ SYNOPSIS...BG/JT NEAR TERM...BG/JT/MW SHORT TERM...JT LONG TERM...BG AVIATION...JM MARINE...BG/JT HYDROLOGY...BG/JT TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...